Jack, the main purpose of the progressions is described here: ime.math.arizona.edu/progressions/. It is not communication of education research to education researchers, so I think you’re in a minority as regards usefulness of references. From your point of view as a researcher, you might think of the progressions as being somewhat more like a methods book (e.g., Van de Walle) than like a research article.
Verbatim text without citation would, of course, be a violation of copyright. That’s why when something is quoted verbatim in the progressions the reference is given, though in a very brief format as with the Usiskin reference. (The quote about T(E) and T(I) should be completely indented. That will help it look more like a quote.)
Ideas are a different matter. The progressions don’t give references for who invented the box plot (John Tukey, 1977, refining Mary Eleanor Spear’s “range bar,” 1952). Similarly, the van Hiele ideas have been refined since the van Hieles wrote (which was between the 1950s and 1980s). That’s reflected in the geometry progression. Similarly, a lot of ideas such as quotitive and partitive interpretations of division have passed into more common use (although maybe under different names).